Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Research Articles

How Psychological Capital and Dark Triad Mediate the Effect of Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intention

This study aims to analyze and explain the role of psychological capital, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism in mediating the effect of entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions. The population in this study is included in the limited population because the number of population used has been determined, namely active undergraduate students Class of 2021 at the Badung Regency State University, the sample of this study was 388 people. Data collection methods used were interviews and distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is SEM-PLS. The results of this study show that entrepreneurial attitude orientation has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy and psychological capital. Machiavellianism has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Narcissism has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Psychopathy does not have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Psychological capital has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial attitude orientation has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions with Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychological capital as mediating variables. Psychopathy cannot mediate the effect of entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions.

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Education on Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation of University Students: A Systematic Review

The level of entrepreneurship in a country is an important determinant of economic growth and success. However, it is essential to ensure that individuals are gaining the necessary knowledge and skills to choose an entrepreneurial career upon completion of their studies. A qualitative research approach was employed by systematically reviewing approaches to entrepreneurial education and their effect on an individual’s entrepreneurial orientation. Data were analysed by means of thematic content analysis. Articles were identified in prominent databases according to a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings were grouped into six themes: The importance of the practical nature of entrepreneurial education; the impact of entrepreneurial education on the economy; entrepreneurial education approaches; the importance of individual entrepreneurial orientation; common individual entrepreneurial orientation factors and the interchangeability of individual entrepreneurial orientation, intrapreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The findings of the systematic review indicate that there is a gap in the current body of knowledge, and the value of the study lies in the fact that many studies have explored the influence of entrepreneurial education on the intention of students, but very few have analysed this influence based on a student’s individual entrepreneurial orientation. Furthermore, findings also reveal that current entrepreneurial education approaches employ theory-based teaching but do not place enough emphasis on practice-based teaching. The findings of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge by investigating the influence that entrepreneurial education has on the individual entrepreneurial education of university students.

The Analysis of Entrepreneurial Intention at Undergraduate Students of Universitas Syiah Kuala during the COVID–19 Pandemic: Entrepreneurial Capital Building

Research aims: This study aims to measure the effect of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation towards entrepreneurial intention mediated by psychological capital.Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 250 out of 25,899 students of Universitas Syiah Kuala were involved in this study. The sample was selected using proportionate stratified sampling. The data were collected through questionnaires. This study employed structural equation modeling to analyze the influence of the variables involved.Research findings: The study uncovered that psychological capital did not play any essential role in the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation towards the entrepreneurial intention of Universitas Syiah Kuala students.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study examined the influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation towards entrepreneurial intentions mediated by psychological capital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there was not much literature devoted to the topic.Practitioner/Policy implication: This study provides managerial insight and knowledge about social capital and entrepreneurial attitudes orientation towards entrepreneurial intention mediated by psychological capital on Universitas Syiah Kuala students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Research limitation/Implication: Since this study only focused on the entrepreneurial intention of Universitas Syiah Kuala students, the results could not be generalized to the broader phenomenon. In addition, this study only used endogenous variables (social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation) and one mediating variable (psychological capital) to analyze the impact of the entrepreneurial intention of Universitas Syiah Kuala students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Entrepreneurial Profile. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAO) in Peruvian University Students

Entrepreneurship is a possible solution that can guarantee labour insertion, but also allows its inclusion in disparate societies. also allows its inclusion in disparate societies. The aim of the study was to validate by means of a confirmatory factor analysis a measurement model to determine the profile of the university entrepreneur that from the constructs proposed in the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAO) can be tested in the university context in particular. The study corresponds to a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, carried out in a private university in Lima, Peru, where 271 undergraduate and postgraduate students were selected. A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to check the sustainability of the instrument. The proposed model corroborated the main fit indicators of the confirmatory factor analysis, the covariances between constructs are highly significant and positive, so the structure is confirmed by the data. The findings allow us to approve and corroborate the empirical sustainability of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale (EAO) for the entrepreneurial profile model in Peruvian university students.

Understanding the Consumers of Entrepreneurial Education: Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation among Youths

Sustaining youths interest in entrepreneurial education is important to cultivating future entrepreneurs. This study examines factors influencing entrepreneurial attitudes among youth using 334 respondents within the context of Indonesian institutes of higher learning. The findings show that in entrepreneurial education, both perceived educator competency and perceived social support are important drivers for the creation of self-efficacy in youth. However, only perceived social support is directly related to increased entrepreneurial attitude orientation. On the other hand, when self-efficacy is introduced as a mediating variable, both perceived educator competency and perceived social support show influence on youths entrepreneurial attitude orientation. From these findings, the research proposed both its theoretical and managerial implications.

The moderation effect of work engagement on entrepreneurial attitude and organizational commitment: evidence from Thailand’s entry-level employees during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposePast research has convincingly shown that the more entrepreneurial employees are, the more likely they are to leave the organization and start their own enterprise. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand how entrepreneurial employees can be retained in organizations by examining the relationships between work engagement, organizational commitment and entrepreneurial attitude among entry-level employees.Design/methodology/approachCovariance-based structural equation modeling is used to test the hypothesized relationships by using a survey of 416 employees.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that an entrepreneurial attitude significantly and positively contributes to work engagement, although it can divert employee attention regarding the level of commitment. Interestingly, the study findings show that employees will commit to an organization if they have engaged with the company, even if they have a highly entrepreneurial attitude.Practical implicationsThis study’s findings are beneficial in understanding the concept of an entrepreneurial attitude and its impact on an organization. For firms to concurrently promote entrepreneurial characteristics and employee commitment, policy and staff practices must ensure the appropriate level of work engagement.Originality/valueThis study proposes new distal antecedent and consequence constructs of the engagement theory related to entrepreneurial attitude orientation and establishes the important link between these constructs with work engagement. The findings originally point to the role of work engagement in maintaining entrepreneurial employees and its effect on organizational commitment.

Attitudes towards entrepreneurship among the students of Thailand: an entrepreneurial attitude orientation approach

PurposeThe present study predicts attitude towards entrepreneurship among the students of Thailand through the entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) model.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach is used, based on cross-sectional data from public sector universities of Thailand. The respondents are bachelor's and master's students who are acquiring entrepreneurship education. A random sampling technique was used to approach students to participate in the survey. A total of 392 useable questionnaires were returned, providing data for analysis.FindingsUsing structural equation modeling, the results show a positive and significant impact of achievement, personal control and innovation on attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Self-esteem, however, has a non-significant impact on attitudes towards entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThis study may be helpful for university policymakers wishing to know more about students' entrepreneurial attitudes, as there is a strong need to divert more students towards entrepreneurship. This study may contribute to the entrepreneurship literature and the EAO scale, particularly in developing and Asian contexts.Originality/valueThis study offers evidence of the development of entrepreneurial attitudes among the students of Thailand, which ensures the further validation of the EAO scale in a developing country.

Mediating role of corporate volunteering between entrepreneurial attitude and work engagement

BackgroundWork engagement and corporate volunteering attract significant interest among researchers. The entrepreneur-ial attitude is missing in research among diverse characteristics of employees predicting work engagement. The aim of the study is to fill this gap by verifying the model of the mediating role of corporate volunteering (work characteristics) between the entrepreneurial attitude (employee characteristics) and work engagement.Participants and procedureUtrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17), an abridged version of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation questionnaire (EAO), the Scale of Corporate Volunteering, and the Scale of Satisfaction with Financial Situation were applied in the study. The sample consisted of 111 employees of the public (27%) and business sectors (73%). The sample consisted of 42% (n = 47) women and 58% (n = 64) men aged from 23 to 61 years.ResultsThe model of work engagement was successfully verified. The entrepreneurial attitude proved to be a strong predictor of work engagement and corporate volunteering. Corporate volunteering plays a mediating role be-tween the entrepreneurial attitude and work engagement. Seniority and age, unlike in global studies, correlated negatively with corporate volunteering. Public sector employees were less engaged in work (lower Vigor and Absorption). However, their dedication to work was at the same level as employees in the business sector.ConclusionsWork enhanced with corporate volunteering leads to stronger work engagement, and thus to a psychologically healthier workplace. Measurement of the entrepreneurial attitude can be applied in the employee selection process as a predictor of work engagement.

KIỂM ĐỊNH VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ THANG ĐO THÁI ĐỘ ĐỊNH HƯỚNG KHỞI NGHIỆP TẠI VIỆT NAM

In light of Entrepreneurship literate, the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) scale is a multidimensional self-report measure of attitudes toward entrepreneurship. There are little studies have tested the validity and reliability of the EAO scale in different social and cultural situations. This research’s purpose is to examine the generalizability of the EAO scale in Vietnam context by applying two step of the preliminary research and the main research. In the former, we applied both of the qualitative and quantitative method with the finding of four dimensions scale and 20 items were removed. The latter used the Cronbach alpha for testing the scale’s reliability and EFA method for examining the scale’s validity. The result shows that EAO scale in Vietnam are include five dimension instead of four, with the appearance of the new one, namely ACHPC. Furthermore, 26 of the original 75 items were removed due to unsatisfactory loading. The findings generally support the generalizability of the four-dimensional model of the EAO and contribute the specialize scale in Vietnam context.

Determinants of Innovative Performance: The Case of an Emerging Country SMEs

Purpose: Malaysia aspires to vie with other developed countries and achieve similar status shortly. Thus, to generate a more knowledge-intensive and innovation-driven economy is crucial for the country. Considering the significance that an Innovation Economy is designed from an amalgamation of knowledge, technology, entrepreneurship, and innovation to hasten productivity, which is the core of economic growth; this study analyzed the relationship of entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO), market orientation, and entrepreneurial competencies to competitive intelligence and its impact on the innovative performance of SMEs in Malaysia. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study adopted a cross-sectional research design and collected data from small, medium enterprises from 13 states and two federal territories of Malaysia. Findings: The findings revealed that market orientation has a positive impact on entrepreneurial competencies. It is also found that EAO constructs, in particular conceptual, strategic, and technical competencies, have a significant relationship with competitive intelligence and thereby have an impact on the Malaysian SMEs. Likewise, competitive intelligence positively influences the innovative performance. Practical Implications: Apart from contributing to the body of existing literature on innovative firm performance, the study gives a guideline to the SMEs, government agencies, and universities to create the database and designing their training and development programs to cultivate the sense of innovativeness among Malaysians regardless of age, race, and education background. Originality/Value: This study contributes by supporting that conceptual, strategic, and technical competencies have a significant relationship with competitive intelligence and is achievable to be used by SMEs.

The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital

The entrepreneurial intention plays a vital role in generating new business. Although many studies have shown that attitude is influential in shaping intentions, few discuss this relationship by engaging interactively with social and psychological capital. This study aimed to develop a structural model to form the entrepreneurial intention of polytechnic students which involves the interplay of entrepreneurial attitude orientation, social capital, and psychological capital. Data were collected randomly through an online questionnaire completed by 215 polytechnic students in Indonesia. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to examine the structure model of developing entrepreneurial intentions and bootstrap confidence intervals were estimated to test the mediating role. The results reveal that entrepreneurial attitude orientation, social capital, and psychological capital collaboratively and interactively influence the entrepreneurial intention of polytechnic students. Psychological capital was shown to have a positive partial mediation effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Finally, psychological capital was also found to fully mediate the impact of a social capital on entrepreneurial intention. The findings of this study are discussed and some proposals with implications for vocational education practitioners are provided.

Assessing Entrepreneurial Mindset: Results for a New Measure

Abstract This research describes the results of a national survey of entrepreneurial mindset conducted with 3,194 randomly selected individuals in a representative national sample. Several other measures of entrepreneurial personal characteristics appear in the literature. These include the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation measure (cf. EAO, Robinson, Stimpson, Huefner, & Hunt, 1991), the General Enterprising Tendency (cf. GET2, Caird, 1990), the test of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (cf. Chen, Greene, & Crick, 1998), and the Entrepreneurial Mindset Profile (cf. EMP, Davis, Hall, & Mayer, 2016). Valuable as these measures are, each has important limitations. This comprehensive study successfully addressed nearly all of those limitations.

Factores de apoyo de la Academia para generar emprendimientos, caso de estudio Facultad de Hospitalidad y Servicios de la Universidad UTE

El 27.6% de desempleados pertenecen a jóvenes con estudios superiores. El emprendimiento es una oportunidad de trabajo para quienes sueñan en tener una empresa, pero no es fácil, considerando que las IES no cuentan con las estrategias para convertirse en un aliado eficiente. Como objetivos se plantearon: conocer la actitud emprendedora de los estudiantes y descubrir aquellos factores de apoyo provenientes de la academia para que un proyecto estudiantil se convierta en empresa. Se utilizó el método exploratorio descriptivo, estudio de caso en la Facultad de Hospitalidad y Servicios, de la Universidad UTE, como técnicas: encuestas a 316 estudiantes; el cuestionario se basó en el Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) Scale. Como resultados, el 63% de los estudiantes indicaron que están dispuestos a desarrollar nuevas oportunidades, el 43% señalaron que el mayor impedimento para emprender es la capacidad económica, el apoyo más importante que esperan de la universidad es capital de preincubación 38%. Los resultados obtenidos suponen que la facultad debe implementar estrategias para el desarrollo de una cultura emprendedora como base para la generación de proyectos innovadores. Estudiantes, universidad, empresa y gobierno deben interactuar en el marco de un ecosistema de negocios y redes con alcance nacional y regional.
 Palabras Claves: negocio; empresa; desarrollo económico y social; gestión

Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation and Personality Individual Factors of Leadership Vocational Interests in Women and Men

Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation and Personality Individual Factors of Leadership Vocational Interests in Women and Men

The influence of the dark triad on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention: A study among students in Taiwan University

Abstract Entrepreneurial attitude orientation refers to an individual's attitude to start a new venture, such as innovativeness, risk-taking, need for achievement, self-confidence, and locus of control. These elements are known to predict entrepreneurial intention. While prior research about the influence of personality primary focus on the positive aspects, recently, the dark triad, a set of personality characteristics that includes Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, has been found to predict personal and organizational achievement. Considering the new generation of entrepreneurs are more likely to be self-reliant and loyal toward themselves, it is proposed that the dark triad can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Structural equation modeling is used to examine the hypotheses based on a sample of 295 college students in Taiwan. In addition to a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial intention, the influence of the dark triad as a mediator was also found. Results suggest individuals high on the dark triad are more intended to engage in entrepreneurial activity, which advance our knowledge of the entrepreneurial decision-making process. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

Assessment of Entrepreneurial Inclination among the Seaweed Operator at Semporna, Sabah Using EAO Model

Seaweed cultivation is an export-oriented aquaculture subsector that is rapidly spreading specifically in South East Asia. Recently, almost all segments of seaweed industry are still facing many obstacles, especially at the level of small-scale farmers’ management in the production and processing industry. The most obvious issue is linked to the development of seaweed operators. The main objective of this study is to assess the seaweed operators’ attitude towards the entrepreneurial inclination. The survey was conducted among the seaweed operators in Semporna based on entrepreneurial attitude orientation (EAO) questionnaire. The result shows that the adjusted R square (Adj. R2 ) value is equivalent to 0.301. This indicates that 30.1 per cent of the entrepreneurial intention were explained by the four entrepreneurial attitude subscales; achievement, innovation, personal control and self-esteem. The result exhibits that the achievement, innovation and personal control were statistically significant at 95 per cent confidence interval. Self-esteem shows no significant relationship and thus signifies subscale as did not contribute much to the regression. The EAO factors contributes little to the regression of the entrepreneurial inclination, which indicates that the other factor such as socioeconomic inputs such as skills, knowledge, extension agent, gender and financial roles might include in the future study.

Effects of Teaching Gardening on Science Students' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurial Skills Acquisition

This study investigated the effects of teaching gardening on science students' attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition in Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria. The study employed the non-randomized pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group design. A sample of 75 senior secondary school students from two intact classes, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=38) and a control group (n=37) was used for the study. An Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation Scale was used to collect data for analysis. The findings indicated that the experimental group exposed to gardening activities showed positive attitudes towards acquiring entrepreneurial skills unlike the control group. However, gender was found not to be a significant factor in students' attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition. It was concluded that teaching gardening has a significant effect on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition. It is recommended that students should be taught gardening to enhance their attitudes towards entrepreneurial skills acquisition for self-reliance, among others.

Strategic Thinking Capability and Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation: Links and Relations

This paper examines the links and type of relations between strategic thinking capability and entrepreneurial attitude orientation. Entrepreneurial attitude orientation consists of innovation, personal control, self-esteem and achievement. Strategic thinking capability refers to the ability to use: reframing, reflecting, and system thinking. We start from the idea that strategic thinking capability largely influences entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The aim of the study is to show that by improving the strategic thinking process it is possible to improve the entrepreneurial attitude orientation and therefore improve the level of entrepreneurial activity in general. Assuming that strategic thinking capability depends not only on innate individual characteristics, but also on acquired knowledge and competencies, it seems that entrepreneurial orientation could be improved through an appropriate selection of education and training programs. The study sample comprised five important industries in the Republic of Croatia (n=286). The results demonstrate that strategic thinking capability explains 14% of the variances in entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The three strategic thinking capability dimensions were significantly related to attitudes regarding achievement and change and personal control. However, one dimension, system thinking, seems to explain the largest part of the variance. We concluded that strategic thinking capability and entrepreneurial attitude orientation are not just linked but rather interrelated in a variety of ways. This finding is important for the entrepreneurial development since attitudes appear to be responsive to education and training policies. Hence, an emphasis on improving strategic thinking capability could lead to stronger entrepreneurial attitude orientation.

Predicting entrepreneurial intentions of freshmen students from EAO modeling and personal background

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of personal background and entrepreneurial attitudes on entrepreneurial intentions of Saudi Freshmen students of Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University. After reviewing the literature and related theories on entrepreneurship, attitudes and intentions, this study provides a conceptual framework trying to identify the effects of most influential factors on individual’s intention to become an entrepreneur. Design/methodology/approach Through a survey study developed from previous empirical studies, the paper aims to investigate the significant elements of intentions from a sample of 103 students randomly selected. This study is both descriptive and analytical using correlations and multiple regressions. Findings The findings show that significant correlations among variables were found. The achievement and innovation attitudes are significant elements to entrepreneurial intentions. Students scored quite high on them, but, moderate on personal control and self-esteem attitudes. Students might have a real intention for starting their own businesses later that could be sustained during their studies at university. Additionally, entrepreneurs among relatives and entrepreneurship training were also the other significant elements to intentions. Research Limitations/implications Implications for future research are described and some pragmatic recommendations are provided to promote students’ entrepreneurial initiatives and behaviors at university. Social Implications The exploratory analysis suggests the need to develop more the awareness of students to entrepreneurship as potential career choice to help them to be active in the society. Originality/value In this paper, the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation model is validated for a Saudi university considered as a specific context. Broader reflections about a freshman student entrepreneurship as refocused research agenda is also considered by undertaking some new research and developing a comprehensive and contextual framework.

Relationship between Entrepreneurial Skills, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Information Technology to Entrepreneurship Intention: Cases in Indonesia

In Indonesia, a big and fast developing country in South-East Asia, entrepreneurship now have a good momentum to attract many young people to be an entrepreneur after they graduates. Research problem is to test whether self-efficacy, entrepreneurial attitude orientation, and the impact of information technology has a positive and significant effect on the interest of students to become entrepreneurs after they graduate later. With survey research design and multiple regression statistical methods, research result show that self-efficacy doesn’t influence entrepreneurship intention, but two others independent variables, i.e. entrepreneurship orientation and information technology, do influence entrepreneurship intention.